Biofuel As An Alternative Fossil Fuels

     

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    The energy crisis is one of the problems facing the world today. The level of world fuel consumption reaches 10,000 million barrels per year [1]. The level of world fuel consumption increases with the increasing number of industries and world transportation [2]. Raw materials for fuel that have been used so far are fossil fuels that cannot be renewed [3]. Fulfillment of energy in the world is largely generated from burning fossil fuels that have been millions of years old in the form of non-renewable materials [4]. Fossil energy will decrease with increasing energy demand. Besides, the ratio between reserves and production will decrease while the need for production will increase [5].

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Putrasari, et al in Lubalu, et al; 2017 state that according to the National Energy Council (2014), non-renewable resources have a potential reserve of 3.85 billion barrels in 2013 [6]. Based on this, the government has issued the Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia number 5 of 2006 concerning the National Energy Policy to develop alternative energy sources as a substitute for oil fuel, such as gas (natural gas), coal, nuclear, biomass, hydropower, solar power including biofuels [7]. In this case, the government has given serious attention to the development of biofuels (referred to as biofuels, which consist of biodiesel, bioethanol, and pure plant oil) by issuing the Presidential Regulation no. 1 of 2006 on January 26th, 2016 about the fulfillment and use of biofuels as alternative energy [8]. 

According to the presidential regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 191 of 2014 concerning the supply, distribution, and retail selling prices of oil fuel, Article 10 states that Biofuel can be in the form of biodiesel, bioethanol, and pure vegetable oil with type, standard, and quality ( specifications) as stipulated by the Minister [9]. One of the very potential substitute fuels developed is biodiesel [10]. In that sense, Biofuel is alternative energy to fossil fuels [11].

Biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats [12]. Silitonga, et al in Wahyudi, et al; (2019) point out that biodiesel is derived from vegetable or animal oil which is processed through transesterification reactions and can be used as diesel fuel [12]. One example of supplying biofuels is bioethanol. Bioethanol can be used for the manufacture of gasohol, which is a liquid fuel from a mixture of gasoline and bioethanol [13] Bioethanol is one alternative source of fuel processed from plants, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 18% [14].

References :

[1]​K. Wijaya, Biofuel di Indonesia: Prospek, Perspektf dan Strategi Pengembangannya. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2012.

[2]​S. Pani, H. Sukarja, and Y. S. P, “Pembuatan Biofuel Dengan Proses Pirolisis Berbahan Baku Plastik Low Density Polythylene (LDPE) Pada Suhu 250 C Dan 300 C,” Engine, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 32–38, 2017.

[3]​E. D. Daryono and E. J. Sinaga, “Transesterifikasi palm oil dengan variasi massa co-solvent dan waktu reaksi,” vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 13–16, 2016.

[4]​F. Uzwatania, “Teknologi Proses Bio Oil Dari Mikroalga Sebagai Energi Alternatif,” J. Agroindustri Halal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 74–79, 2017.

[5]​K. Nurul, “Preferensi Konsumsi Masyarakat Terhadap Energi Terbarukan (Biofuel) (Studi Kasus Pada Komplek Perumahan Tambak Rejo ndah, Waru, Sidoarjo),” J. Ilm., 2013.

[6]​A. Lubalu, T. Sutrisno, and W. Anggono, “Pembuatan dan pemanfaatan bioetanol kulit nanas sebagai campuran bahan bakar RON 90 guna meningkatkan unjuk kerja mesin motor bensin Supra X 125 FI,” vol. 6, pp. 2–7, 2017.

[7]​Sulistyono, “Pengurangan Subsidi BBM Fosil Sebagai Momentum Pengembangan Energi Alternatif Jenis Biofuel,” J. Forum Teknol., vol. 03 No.4, 2013.

[8]​L. Devita, “Biodiesel Sebagai Bioenergi Alternatif Dan Prospeftif,” Agrica Ekstensia, vol. 9 No.2, pp. 23–26, 2015.

[9]​R. Indonesia, Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 191 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penyediaan, Pendistribusian dan Harga Bhan Jual Eceran Bahan Bakar Minyak. Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara, 2014.

[10]​Wahyudi, Sarip, Sudarja, and H. Suhatno, “Unjuk Kerja Mesin Diesel Berbahan Bakar Campuran Biodiesel Jarak dan Biodiesel Jelantah,” JMPM (Jurnal Mater. dan Proses Manufaktur), vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 36–41, 2019.

[11]​C. B. D. Agusti, A. H. Nasution, and D. S. Ardiantono, “Perancangan Model Bisnis pada Industri Permesinan Biodiesel B20,” J. Sains dan Seni ITS, vol. 8 No. 2, 2019.

[12]​M. Busyairi, A. Z. Muttaqin, I. Meicahyanti, and S. Saryadi, “Potensi Minyak Jelantah Sebagai Biodiesel dan Pengaruh Katalis Serta Waktu Reaksi Terhadap Kualitas Biodiesel Melalui Proses Transesterifikasi,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 5 No.2, no. p-ISSN : 2528–3561 e-ISSN : 2541–1934, pp. 933–940, 2020.

[13]​S. Mushlihah and Y. Trihadiningrum, “Produksi Bioetanol dari Limbah Tongkol Jagung Sebagai Energi Alternatif Terbarukan,” Pros. Semin. Nas. Manaj. Teknol. XVIII, pp. 1–8, 2013.

[14]​Wusnah, S. Bahri, and D. Hartono, “Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal Proses Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Kulit Pisang Kepok ( Musa acuminata B . C ) secara Fermentasi Abstrak,” J. Teknol. Kim., vol. 8 Nomor 1, pp. 48–56, 2019.